I don’t think there’s going to be a solution you can express in a single excel formula. It will have to be some quite heavy coding which you could do in VBA (is that still a thing these days?)

Some discussion on stack overflow.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/...-other-circles

I like programming puzzles. Maths ones, not so much. This is both.

It would be quite straightforward to find the smallest circle centred on the origin that would encompass the centres (points). Then as all circles are the same diameter just add this to the total. But this doesn’t find your solution if the group is offset.

Interesting puzzle though, good luck.